打兰

Disambig gray.svg  关于相关的货币单位，请见“希腊德拉克马”。

打兰（英语：dram或drachm；药剂学符号：ʒ；缩写：dr）[1][2]:C-6–C-7[3] ，最初为希腊古代的一个重量及硬币单位[注 1]。[4]它是常衡制的一个质量单位，也是药衡制（英语：apothecaries' system）的一个质量单位和体积单位。 [2]作体积单位时，常被称为“液量打兰”或“英液打兰”，英文中则被称为“fluid dram”、“fluid drachm”、“fluidram”或“fluidrachm”，缩写为“fl dr”、“ƒ 3”或“fʒ”。[1][2]:C-17[3][5][6][7]

重量单位

  • 在古希腊计量单位（英语：Ancient Greek units of measurement）中，德拉克马（drachm）为重量单位，相当于6奥波勒斯或1⁄100希腊米纳，约合4.37克。[8]
  • 在古罗马计量单位（英语：Ancient Roman units of measurement）中，重量单位德拉克马，或称德拉姆（dram），等于1⁄96罗马磅，约合3.41克。[9][10]
  • 在奥斯曼帝国，迪拉姆（Dirham），等于1⁄400奥克（英语：Oka (mass)），约合3.207克。

注释

  1. ^ 作希腊重量和货币单位时译作“德拉克马”

参考

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Simpson, John A.; Weiner, Edmund S.C. (编). drachm, n.. Oxford English Dictionary 2nd. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. 1989, online version 2012 [2 July 2012]. ISBN 978-0-19-861186-8. OCLC 50959346. （原始内容存档于2015-09-24）. Spelt drachm or dram.  Earlier version first published in New English Dictionary, 1897.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 National Institute of Standards and Technology (October 2011). Butcher, Tina; Cook, Steve; Crown, Linda et al. eds. "Appendix C – General Tables of Units of Measurement" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (PDF). Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. NIST Handbook. 44 (2012 ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology. ISSN 0271-4027. OCLC 58927093. Retrieved 1 July 2012.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Boyer, Mary Jo. UNIT 2 Measurement Systems: The Apothecary System. Math for Nurses: A Pocket Guide to Dosage Calculation and Drug Preparation 7th. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2009: 108–9 [2 July 2012]. ISBN 978-0-7817-6335-6. OCLC 181600928. （原始内容存档于2014-07-05）. 
  4. ^ 引用错误：没有为名为OEDdram的参考文献提供内容
  5. ^ Royal College of Physicians of Dublin. Weights and Measures. The Pharmacopœia of the King and Queen's College of Physicians in Ireland. Dublin: Hodges and Smith. 1850: xlvi [6 July 2012]. OCLC 599509441. 
  6. ^ fluidram. Merriam-Webster online. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster. [2 July 2012]. OCLC 44475779. （原始内容存档于2014-11-29）. Definition of FLUIDRAM: variant of fluid dram 
  7. ^ Powell, Richard; Royal College of Physicians of London. Weights, Measures, &c. [measures of liquids sect.]. The Pharmacopœia of the Royal College of Physicians of London, M. DCCC. IX corr. and enl. 2nd. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme. 1809: 3 [6 July 2012]. OCLC 622876101. 
  8. ^ Donald J. Mastronarde. Introduction to Attic Greek. University of California Press. 19 March 1993: 222 [30 June 2012]. ISBN 978-0-520-07844-4. （原始内容存档于2017-02-21）. 
  9. ^ Smith, William. DICTIONARY OF GREEK AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES. 3rd American. New York: Harper & Brothers. 1886: 1062 [1 July 2012]. 
  10. ^ Ramsay, William Wardlaw. An elementary manual of Roman antiquities 7th. London: Charles Griffin and Company. 1883: 206 [1 July 2012]. 

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