古德温 - 斯塔顿积分

古德温 - 斯塔顿积分（英语：Goodwin-Staton Integral）定义如下^[1]

Goodwin-Staton Integral Maple 2D plot

Goodwin-Station integral Maple complex 3D plot

$G(z)=\int _{0}^{\infty }\!{\frac {{\rm {e}}^{-{t}^{2}}}{t+z}}{dt}$

它是下列三阶非线性常微分方程的一个解： $4\,w\left(z\right)+8\,z{\frac {d}{dz}}w\left(z\right)+\left(2+2\,{z}^{2}\right){\frac {d^{2}}{d{z}^{2}}}w\left(z\right)+z{\frac {d^{3}}{d{z}^{3}}}w\left(z\right)=0$

对称关系

$G(-z)=G(z)$

与其他函数的关系

Meijer G-函数

$G(z)={\frac {1}{2}}\,{\frac {G_{2,3}^{3,2}\left({z}^{2}\,{\Big \vert }\,_{1/2,0,0}^{0,1/2}\right)}{\pi }}$ MeijerG 函数

指数函数与误差函数

$G\left(z\right)={{\rm {e}}^{-{z}^{2}}}+{\it {Ei}}\left(1,-{z}^{2}\right){{\rm {e}}^{-{z}^{2}}}+{{\rm {e}}^{-{z}^{2}}}{{\rm {erf}}\left(iz\right)}$

$G\left(z\right)={{\rm {e}}^{-{z}^{2}}}+{{\rm {U}}\left(1,\,1,\,-{z}^{2}\right)}{{\rm {e}}^{{z}^{2}}}{{\rm {e}}^{-{z}^{2}}}+{\frac {2\,i{{\rm {e}}^{-{z}^{2}}}z{{\rm {M}}\left(1/2,\,3/2,\,{z}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt {\pi }}}$
$G\left(z\right)={{\rm {e}}^{-{z}^{2}}}+{\it {Ei}}\left(1,-{z}^{2}\right){{\rm {e}}^{-{z}^{2}}}+{\frac {2\,i{{\rm {e}}^{-{z}^{2}}}z{\it {HeunB}}\left(1,0,1,0,{\sqrt {{z}^{2}}}\right)}{\sqrt {\pi }}}$
$G\left(z\right)={{\rm {e}}^{-{z}^{2}}}+{\it {Ei}}\left(1,-{z}^{2}\right){{\rm {e}}^{-{z}^{2}}}+{\frac {z{{\rm {e}}^{-{z}^{2}}}\left(-i{\it {erfc}}\left({\sqrt {-{z}^{2}}}\right)+i\right)}{\sqrt {-{z}^{2}}}}$

拉盖尔函数

$G\left(z\right)={{\rm {e}}^{-{z}^{2}}}+{\it {Ei}}\left(1,-{z}^{2}\right){{\rm {e}}^{-{z}^{2}}}+i{{\rm {e}}^{-{z}^{2}}}{\sqrt {\pi }}z{\it {LaguerreL}}\left(-1/2,1/2,{z}^{2}\right)$

级数展开

$G(z)=10\,{z}^{-1}-50\,{z}^{-2}-{\frac {1000}{3}}\,{\frac {{z}^{2}-1}{{z}^{3}}}+2500\,{\frac {{z}^{2}-1}{{z}^{4}}}+10000\,{\frac {2-2\,{z}^{2}+{z}^{4}}{{z}^{5}}}-{\frac {250000}{3}}\,{\frac {2-2\,{z}^{2}+{z}^{4}}{{z}^{6}}}-{\frac {5000000}{21}}\,{\frac {-6+6\,{z}^{2}-3\,{z}^{4}+{z}^{6}}{{z}^{7}}}+{\frac {6250000}{3}}\,{\frac {-6+6\,{z}^{2}-3\,{z}^{4}+{z}^{6}}{{z}^{8}}}+{\frac {125000000}{27}}\,{\frac {24-24\,{z}^{2}+12\,{z}^{4}-4\,{z}^{6}+{z}^{8}}{{z}^{9}}}-{\frac {125000000}{3}}\,{\frac {24-24\,{z}^{2}+12\,{z}^{4}-4\,{z}^{6}+{z}^{8}}{{z}^{10}}}$
$G(z)=(1-\gamma -\ln \left({z}^{2}\right)-i{\it {csgn}}\left(i{z}^{2}\right)\pi +{\frac {2\,i}{\sqrt {\pi }}}z+\left(-2+\gamma +\ln \left({z}^{2}\right)+i{\it {csgn}}\left(i{z}^{2}\right)\pi \right){z}^{2}+{\frac {-4/3\,i}{\sqrt {\pi }}}{z}^{3}+\left({\frac {5}{4}}-1/2\,\gamma -1/2\,\ln \left({z}^{2}\right)-1/2\,i{\it {csgn}}\left(i{z}^{2}\right)\pi \right){z}^{4}+O\left({z}^{5}\right))$

参考文献

^ Frank Oliver, NIST Handbook of Mathematical Functions, p160,Cambridge University Press 2010（英文）

http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S0013091504001087
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022407306002500 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
http://dlmf.nist.gov/7.2 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
https://web.archive.org/web/20150225035306/http://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/portal/en/research/the-generalized-goodwinstaton-integral(3db9f429-7d7f-488c-a1d7-c8efffd01158).html
https://web.archive.org/web/20150225105452/http://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/portal/en/research/the-generalized-goodwinstaton-integral(3db9f429-7d7f-488c-a1d7-c8efffd01158)/export.html
http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/user/na/NA_papers/NA2009_02.pdf （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
F. W. J. Olver, Werner Rheinbolt, Academic Press, 2014 , Mathematics,Asymptotics and Special Functions, 588 pages , ISBN 9781483267449 gbook （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[1] Frank Oliver, NIST Handbook of Mathematical Functions, p160,Cambridge University Press 2010（英文）

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