Sphaleron

Sphaleron（希腊语：σφαλερός，“滑的”，此处意为滑子）是粒子物理标准模型中，弱电相互作用方程的静态解，不随时间变化。Sphaleron常常在一些会导致重子与轻子数量不守恒的理论场景中用到。这些过程无法用费曼图等摄动方法展示，因而被称为非摄动理论。从几何角度看，Sphaleron是无限维场中弱电势的鞍点。^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

参考资料

^ Phong, Vo Quoc; Khiem, Phan Hong; Loc, Ngo Phuc Duc; Long, Hoang Ngoc. Sphaleron in the first-order electroweak phase transition with the dimension-six Higgs operator. Physical Review D. 2020-06-15, 101 (11): 116010 [2021-07-19]. ISSN 2470-0010. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.101.116010. （原始内容存档于2021-07-19）.
^ Papaefstathiou, Andreas; Plätzer, Simon; Sakurai, Kazuki. On the phenomenology of sphaleron-induced processes at the LHC and beyond. Journal of High Energy Physics. 2019-12, 2019 (12): 17 [2021-07-19]. ISSN 1029-8479. doi:10.1007/JHEP12(2019)017. （原始内容存档于2021-07-19）.
^ Zhou, Ruiyu; Bian, Ligong; Guo, Huai-Ke. Probing the Electroweak Sphaleron with Gravitational Waves. Physical Review D. 2020-05-21, 101 (9): 091903 [2021-07-19]. ISSN 2470-0010. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.101.091903. （原始内容存档于2021-07-19）.
^ Ho, David L.-J.; Rajantie, Arttu. The Electroweak Sphaleron in a strong magnetic field. Physical Review D. 2020-09-08, 102 (5): 053002 [2021-07-19]. ISSN 2470-0010. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.102.053002. （原始内容存档于2021-07-20）.

[1] Phong, Vo Quoc; Khiem, Phan Hong; Loc, Ngo Phuc Duc; Long, Hoang Ngoc. Sphaleron in the first-order electroweak phase transition with the dimension-six Higgs operator. Physical Review D. 2020-06-15, 101 (11): 116010 [2021-07-19]. ISSN 2470-0010. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.101.116010. （原始内容存档于2021-07-19）.

[2] Papaefstathiou, Andreas; Plätzer, Simon; Sakurai, Kazuki. On the phenomenology of sphaleron-induced processes at the LHC and beyond. Journal of High Energy Physics. 2019-12, 2019 (12): 17 [2021-07-19]. ISSN 1029-8479. doi:10.1007/JHEP12(2019)017. （原始内容存档于2021-07-19）.

[3] Zhou, Ruiyu; Bian, Ligong; Guo, Huai-Ke. Probing the Electroweak Sphaleron with Gravitational Waves. Physical Review D. 2020-05-21, 101 (9): 091903 [2021-07-19]. ISSN 2470-0010. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.101.091903. （原始内容存档于2021-07-19）.

[4] Ho, David L.-J.; Rajantie, Arttu. The Electroweak Sphaleron in a strong magnetic field. Physical Review D. 2020-09-08, 102 (5): 053002 [2021-07-19]. ISSN 2470-0010. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.102.053002. （原始内容存档于2021-07-20）.

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